《张淮深墓志铭》与张淮深被害事件再探

Restudying Zhang Huishen's Epitaph and the Method of His Murder

本文主要根据法藏敦煌文书P.2913V《张淮深墓志铭》及从非常著名的《张淮深碑》抄件(S.6161A+S.3329+S.141564+S.6161B+S.6973+P.2762)卷背诗文中新找到的相关记述,对这些文书及其折射的归义军史诸问题进行了辨析考证。指出:《张淮深墓志铭》为葬后补写,当撰于索勋当政期间,即景福二年至乾宁元年(893—894),略晚于同是张球所撰作的《索勋纪德碑》;通过对上述文书及当时敦煌史事的分析可知,索勋掌权后曾有过迁改葬张淮深及其诸子以安抚张淮深旧属等举动,表明在张氏家族的内讧争斗中索勋的态度相对和缓,不像张淮鼎、张议潮十四女及李氏诸子那样激烈;与张淮深同时遇害的主要就是其与陈氏夫人所生六子,并无陈氏本人,张淮深其余儿子则因非陈氏所生而没有死于此难,推测张淮深当与诸嫡子政见一致,而诸庶子在此次血腥政变中的地位与作用特殊;张球撰作上述文书时非常用心,遣词用字均仔细斟酌考虑,透过其于字里行间的隐晦表述,我们既可以索解出部分研究线索,又可以感受到张球与张淮深感情之深厚与行文之老到。

This paper presents a textual study on P.2913, Zhang Huaishen＇s Epitaph, collected in France and the related records on the back of the manuscripts Stele Inscription about Zhang Huaishen＇s Construction of Caves and Related Commentary, both of which cast light on the history of the Gui-yi-jun regime. This research shows that Zhang Huaishen＇s epitaph was added after his burial and might have been written in the period when Suo Xun was in power, namely from the second year of the Jingfu era to the first year of the Ganning era （892--894）, a little later than the creation of the Stele Recording of Suo Xun＇s Merits, written by the same author, Zhang Qi- u. By analyzing the above-mentioned manuscripts and the historical circumstances of Dunhuang at that time, it is known that Suo Xun had reburied Zhang Huaishen and his sons after coming into power in order to appease the former followers of Zhuang Huaishen, indicating that Suo Xun was relatively moderate in resolving the internal strife of the Zhang Family, unlike Zhang Huaiding, the fourteenth daughter of Zhang Yichao, and the sons of the Li Family further noted in relevant texts. Those who were killed in one mentioned purge include the six sons born by Zhang Haishen＇s legal wife, Lady Chen, though not including Lady Chen herself. Zhang Huaishen＇s other sons were not killed because Lady Chen was not their birth mother. From this it can be in- ferred that Zhang Huaishen likely shared the same political views as his sons born by his legal wife, and that his other sons played a special role in this bloody coup. Zhang Qiu was very careful with the wording of these in- scriptions and epitaph and from his somewhat oblique statements we can not only obtain some clues about the historical event, but even feel Zhang Qiu＇ s affection for Zhang Haishen through his excellent penmanship.