试论高昌地面佛寺的类型与分期

A Study on the Classification and Periodization of Buddhist Temples in Khocho

高昌地面佛寺呈现出以佛殿为中心、以塔庙为中心和前殿后塔式布局三条基本的演变谱系,其形制布局、壁画题材、装饰纹样、墨书榜题可与当地及龟兹、焉耆、河西等地石窟寺院、地面佛寺比对者良多。本文所论高昌地面佛寺分别营造于5世纪前期、6世纪后半至8世纪初、9世纪末至10世纪中叶、西夏至元代四个时期。各谱系寺院在不同时段的影响源流不断变迁。

The Buddhist temples in Khocho include three basic systems of construction, meditation-cen- tered, chaitya-centered, and the pattern of meditation before a stupa. The structural forms, themes of mural paintings, and decorative patterns and inscriptions in these types of temples can further be compared with those in cave temples in Qiuci, Karashahr, and the Hexi regions. The temples discussed in this paper were constructed over four periods of time, namely the early 5th century, the late 6th to the 8th century, from the late 9th to the middle of the 10^th century, and from the Western Xia to the Yuan dynasty. This paper discusses the origins, developments, and influences of the temples of different systems in different periods.