土壤氮矿化动力学模型研究进展

Kinetics Modeling of Soil Nitrogen Mineralization:a Review

氮矿化是氮素生物地球化学循环的重要过程,其定量研究与模拟是氮循环相关研究的重要方面,目前已经有多种模拟土壤氮素矿化过程的模型,然而其适用条件、模型参数和模拟效果均存在差异。本文梳理了国内外土壤有机氮矿化模拟的研究成果,分析比较了包括用于模拟矿化速率的简单功能模型和考虑了土壤温度、湿度及p H等环境因素的环境效应模型。研究分析结果表明:单组分一阶指数模型只考虑单一组成的氮库,无法全面描述氮素矿化,且模拟与验证结果在不同模拟时期存在较大偏差;双组分模型和混合模型对氮素矿化的模拟效果相对较好;矿化环境效应模型克服了以上两种模型未详细考虑环境因素和有机氮种类的缺点,但考虑的因素较多,且参数选取较为复杂,难以推广和应用。在今后的工作中,结合我国特殊水文条件、气候条件和土壤环境,土壤氮素矿化的模型研究应集中在多因素影响的复合模型,做好进一步的验证与研究,并实现氮矿化研究的定量化、规范化、标准化。

Nitrogen （N） mineralization is an important process of the N biogeochemical cycle, and how to quantify and simulate is a key question on N cycle. As yet a variety of mathematical models with disparity of equations and parameters have been built to descript the soil N mineralization process. However, it is still debatable for application conditions, parameters and simulation results in different models. In this paper, latest models are comparatively evaluated to predict N mineralization, such as the simple function model, and environmental effect model which considering the soil environmental factors including temperature, moisture, and pH. The comparing resuhs reveals that the single fraction first-order kinetic model may not descript the N mineralization process comprehensively because of its consideration of one single soil N pool and big systematic error between the simulating and validating results in different experimental stages. The two-component model and special model can be better used for simulating N mineralization. Environmental effect model considers environmental factors and different types of organic N pools. However, it＇s difficuh to select model parameters in real scenarios due to it concerning a large number of environmental factors and complex processes. Overall, in light of the special climate hydrological condi- tions and soil environment of China＇,the composite model which includes influences of environmental factors should be fo- cused on. It is crucial to promote the further verification in the future studies and realize the standardization and quantifica- tion of the experimental study.