探索学徒制与高等职业教育相联系的美国经验与启示

The American Experiences and Insights of Integrating Apprenticeship with Higher Education

在美国,受技能危机日益严峻、大学教育的弊端屡遭诟病等因素影响,对学徒制与高等职业教育相联系的探索方兴未艾。国家层面的注册学徒制——学院合作联盟、企业开发的"升级版"学徒制项目等一系列探索活动出现。这些探索活动的成功经验包括需求驱动和行业企业主导、多边合作平台发挥重要作用、区域多边协作网络成为可持续发展的有效载体等等。针对发展环境、人才培养模式、治理体系三方面,我国的现代学徒制建设可从美国经验中获取启示。

In America, under the influence of skills crisis, repeatedly criticized college education and the other factors, the exploration of integrating apprenticeship with higher education flourished. Registered apprenticeship-college consortium, upgraded apprenticeship program developed by companies and the other exploration activities appeared. The successful experiences from these activities include： demand-driven and employer-led, multilevel cooperative platforms exerting influence, regional cooperative network bearing development and the others. From the perspective of development environment, learning model and governance system, our modern apprenticeship development can draw lessons from American experiences.