价值与限度:农民再组织化与村级治理组织体系再造——基于广东省梅州市F村基层治理改革的思考

Value and Limitation:Farmer's Reorganization and the Reconstruction of Organization System in Village-level Governance——Based on the Reflections of Grassroots Governance Reform in F Village,Meizhou City,Guangdong Province

目前我国农村基层组织体系存在正式组织职能异化、社会组织缺乏引导、经济组织功能不全的问题,整体表现为农民低组织化。税费改革后,农民的流动性加剧,外部力量对农村社会的整合能力减弱,内生的经济社会组织独立性和凝聚力不强,导致农民更加离散化。低组织化状态下,农民的利益表达机制缺乏,与基层政府之间缺少有效的缓冲,基层治理成本高且治理效果不理想。横向组织分权和纵向组织分层的村级治理体系创新,有利于完善村民自治组织,促进村民自治形式多样化,实现基层治理中心多元化,更有利于乡村治理结构的优化。但是,由于受历史传统和现行体制的束缚,以农民再组织再造村级组织治理体系也存在一定的局限性。

Chinese rural grass-root organizations are exposed to problems of organizational function alienation, insufficient guidance of social organizations, inadequate economic organizations, which are generally displayed as the low level of farmer organization. After reforms of taxes and fees, the mobility of farmers intensifies, the outside forces become weaker in integrating the rural societies, and the internal economic and social organizations are not independent or cohesive, thus leading to more discretization of farmers.In a low level of farmer organization, mechanism is insufficient for farmers to express their interest, the relationship with grass-root governments lack effective buffering, and the grass-root governance is high in cost yet low in performance. To innovate the village- level governance system in way of horizontal decentralization and longitudinal stratification would be conducive to improving rural autonomous organizations, diversifying patterns of rural autonomy, and optimizing rural governing structures. However, due to historical traditions and existing systems, there are also some limits for farmers to re- organize and reconstruct the village-level organizational governance system.