美国当代中小学音乐课程的教学标准与实施现状研究

A Study on the Teaching Standards and Implementation of Music Curriculum in Contemporary American Primary and Secondary Schools

音乐教育在美国基础教育中占有重要地位,是教育的核心内容之一。1994年出版的《国家艺术教育标准》制定了包含九项内容的音乐课程大纲,设立了美国音乐教育标准。近年的音乐教学成果评测显示美国实际教学情况与《国家艺术教育标准》的音乐教育目标有一定差距,这与现阶段美国教育资金分配、政策及音乐课程的师资等因素有关。

Since the 1960＇s, American federal policies of parental involvement are striving to include all families. Based on the relationship between schooling and economic success, families have been regarded as an instrument rather than an independent education system by these policies. The policies centralize the students＇ academic achievement, define parental involvement in schooling as a ＂good parenting＂ through assigning parents responsibility, building the capacity of involvement, and implementing model approaches to improve parental involvement, and urge parents to carry out parenting responsibilities ＂professionally＂. However, the parenting has been ＂schoolization＂, and the relation between parents and children has been ＂objectification＂. All these policies mean a distortion of the relationship between family and school.