甲状腺微小乳头状癌的观察——慎思之，明辨之，笃行之

Active surveillance for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma： considerations before making a decision

对于低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌（PTMC），日本学者首先提出可以用定期监测下的观察取代立即手术。该策略的提出，给PTMC的管理带来了重大的理念更新，也引发了来自各方的争论。本文将全面介绍PTMC观察策略提出的依据、临床实践数据、现有指南和共识建议、需要澄清的误解、面临的挑战和对未来的展望等。

For rapidly increasing low-risk papillary thyroid micocarcinoma （PTMC）, Japanese scholars have proposed that immediate surgery can be replaced by active surveillance, i. e. observation strategy. The new strategy has brought not only an important update to the management of PTMC, but also controversies from different perspectives. Here we would like to give a thorough review on the observation strategy for PTMC, including its development background, available clinical data, current recommendations/suggestions by guidelines/consensuses, common misunderstandings toward this topic, challenges, and prospective in the future.