基于贫困者偏好特质的自我瞄准机制设计

Self-targeting Mechanism Design from Perspective of the Poor's Unique Preferences Character

基于"瞄准"反贫困理论框架,探索贫困者区别于非贫困者偏好特质,完善自我瞄准机制制度建设。研究阐释瞄准机制理论内涵,第一,与"精准扶贫"有机契合;第二,与经典资源配置理论有机契合;第三,与亲贫困增长理论相辅相成;第四,从"收入增长"到"效用匹配"跨越。扶贫瞄准实践中,瞄准机制效果受扶贫目标、瞄准对象识别与监督、瞄准主体监督、政治等因素影响。主要采取针对外在环境特质和贫困诱因的瞄准机制。研究表明贫困者具有机会成本低、心理障碍少和需求量少的偏好特质。针对此特质设计瞄准机制可产生仅激励贫困者的扶贫政策,使贫困者受益于反贫困项目。

Based on＂targeting＂anti-poverty theory framework,the unique character between the rich and poor was deeply explored,in order to improve the targeting mechanism.It could be found that the theoretical connotation of targeting mechanism included：first,organic integration with＂precision poverty＂;second,the organic integration with the classical resource allocation theory;third,the supplement of the theory of pro-growth;fourth,a crossing from＂income growth＂to＂utility matching＂.In practice,the effect of the targeting mechanism was influenced by the ant-poverty aim,the identification and supervision of targeting objects,the supervision of the perpetrators,and political factors.In the existing poverty targeting practice,the targeting mechanism of the external environmental characteristics and the targeting mechanism of the poverty incentives were adopted.In this paper,it could be found that the poor had lower opportunity cost,less psychological barriers,less numbers of demand and preference heterogeneity.The targeting mechanism of the unique preference of the poor could produce pro-poor policies that only encourage the poor,so that the anti-poverty projects benefited only the poor.