肝细胞癌发生及预后性别差异的相关危险因素

Risk factors related to the sexual dimorphism in the incidence and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

肝细胞癌(HCC)是世界最主要的恶性肿瘤类型之一,其中近50%的患者集中在中国。HCC属于男性高发癌症,流行病学数据显示,我国HCC发病率男女比例为2∶1~5∶1。目前发现可能导致HCC性别差异性的危险因素包括:乙型肝炎病毒感染和突变、免疫遗传易感性以及性激素受体作用。相关研究不仅有助于阐明HCC进化发育的具体生物学过程,更揭示了HCC发生和预后与性别差异相关的生物学标志,对完善HCC防控策略具有重要意义。

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. About 50% of the total number of HCC cases and deaths worldwide occurred in China. Male has high incidence rates of HCC. Epidemiological data showed that ratio between the male incidence of HCC and the female incidence was from 2：1 to 5：1 in China. Up to now, risk factors found to be able to give rise to the sexual dimorphism in HCC incidences include infection and mutation of hepatitis B virus, immune genetic susceptibility and functions of hormone receptors. Relevant studies can not only help clarify the specific biological processes of hepatocarcinogenesis, but also uncover the biological indications that associate the incidences and prognoses of HCC with the sexual dimorphism, thus playing an important role in improving the strategies of control and prevention.