农民工职业流动的代际差异及影响因素分析——基于福州、厦门、泉州的调查数据

The intergenerational difference of migrant workers' occupational mobility and its influencing factor analysis——A research based on the survey data of Fuzhou,Xiamen and Quanzhou

利用福州、厦门、泉州的调查数据,建立零膨胀负二项回归模型,探讨家庭社会资本、工作状况对农民工职业流动代际差异的影响。研究发现,老一代农民工较新生代农民工职业流动频率更高,呈现明显的代际差异。其中,教育程度对老一代农民工职业流动具有显著的负向影响,而婚姻状况、外出务工年限对老一代农民工职业流动具有显著的正向影响。家庭外出务工人数对新生代农民工职业流动具有显著的负向影响,有无拖欠工资对新生代农民工职业流动具有显著的正向影响,工作满意程度对两代农民工职业流动具有显著的负向影响。据此结论,提出3点针对性建议:(1)加强对农民工的人文关怀,扩宽社会资本积累方式;(2)改善农民工的就业状况,提升就业质量;(3)提高农民工人力资本积累,增强就业竞争力。

Based on the survey data of Fuzhou,Xiamen and Quanzhou,and by establishing Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model,this paper analyzes the influence of family social capital and working condition on the intergenerational difference of migrant workers’ occupational mobility.It is found that the older generation of migrant workers have higher frequency of occupational mobility than the new generation,showing obvious intergenerational differences.Education level has a negative impact on the occupational mobility of the older generation while the length of the time employed and marital status have significant positive impact on it.In addition,the number of migrant workers in a family is negatively correlated with the new generation’s occupational mobility and whether having withholding wages has a positive influence on their occupational mobility.Further more,the degree of job satisfaction plays a significant role in both generations’ occupational mobility.According to the above findings,this paper puts forward three suggestions.First,strengthen the humanistic care of migrant workers and expand the ways of social capital accumulation.Second,improve the employment condition of migrant workers and improve the quality of employment.Third,improve migrant workers’ accumulation of human capital and enhance their employment competitiveness.