本然·实然·应然:个体道德实践的多维考察

Naturalness·Reality·Ideal:Multi-perspective Investigation on Individual Ethical Practices

行为主体在道德实践中以原初善性为逻辑起点,在人的自然之感性和自由之理性两种视域中展现个体道德实践在功利与道义之间抉择的本然样态。个体在生活实践中由于面临物质欲望与责任担当的双重纠葛而陷入矛盾选择,从道德判断之动机与效果的二元认知体现个体道德实践的实然状态。在日常经验的博弈中,个体将理性地走向以至善和自由为诉求的终极关怀,彰显个体伦理行为的应然维度。当下中国正面临德性与幸福能否共进的追问,我们应从个体道德实践的三重维度思考如何走向"道德幸福"的至善境界,反对道德虚无主义,真正实现道德规范个体伦理行为和维护共同体公共利益的功能。

In ethical practices, behavioral subject has taken good nature as the logical starting point. The individual ethical practices＇ natural state between utilitarianism and morality is demonstrated in two fields of vision ——the natural sensibility and the free rationality. In the human life practice, individuals have been caught up in contradictions due to the double entanglements of material desires and responsibilities. The reality state of individual ethical practices is reflected by the binary meta-cognition on the motive and effect of moral judgment. When it comes to the gam- bling of daily experiences, individuals will rationally move towards the ultimate solicitude that calls for the highest good and freedom, hence highlighting the ideal state of individual ethical conducts. China is facing the question whether morality can be consistent with happiness. In this regard, we should head for the highest good of ＂moral happiness＂ from the three perspectives of individual ethical practices, and we must resolutely object to moral nihilism. As a result, morality will be able to regulate the individual ethical conducts and maintain the common benefit.