论东汉末年的国家认同——以“挟天子”为中心的考察

Study on the National Identity in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty——Investigation on “Controlling the Political Situation Using the Emperor”

东汉末年,"挟天子"是各势力集团的普遍认识,通过挟天子可令士人趋之若鹜,豪杰转变态度,实现号令天下之目的。传统观点习惯将"挟天子"视为一种政治策略,而忽视了"挟天子"行为背后所蕴含的时人对东汉王朝的国家认同。东汉末年的国家认同主要表现为"乃心汉室"的正统观和注重臣节的价值观,由于君权的衰落、皇帝能力的有限、豪门大族的影响,以及治国理论自身的矛盾性,东汉末年的国家认同已明显衰弱。

In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, ＂controlling the political situation using the emperor＂ is the agreement of the various forces. Thus, the scholars could be in droves, and the heroes change their attitude, accomplishing the purpose of ruling the nation. The traditional viewpoint states that ＂controlling the political situation using the emperor＂ is a political strategy, but ignores the people＇s national identity in the late Eastern Han dynasty behind ＂controlling the political situation using the emperor＂. The national identity in the late Eastern Han Dynasty is mainly manifested as the orthodoxy of ＂supporting Han＂ and the value of subjects＇ norm held in great honor. Due to the decline of monarchical power, limited ability of emperors, the influence of wealthy clan and the contradiction of governing theory, the national identity in the late Eastern Han Dynasty is weakened obviously.