巴蜀坛神新探

A New Look at Bashu Altar Gods

坛神信仰是巴蜀地区普遍存在的一种民间信仰形态,因其神灵体系庞大、功能多样,历史方志资料及学界对坛神的具体所指历来说法不一。在分析坛神神灵体系演变、坛神设置情况的基础之上,通过对坛神信仰仪式—"庆坛"科仪文本的解读,认为坛神不是祖先神,也不能简单归诸于家庭保护神。就其本质来讲,坛神指代的应是整个军事兵马体系,它囊括了坛(石墩)内众多兵马神将。

Belief in altar god is a common folk belief form in Bashu area. Because of its huge gods system and complex functions, the history of Local Records and the academic circles have different definitions on it. Based on the analysis of its gods system evolution, this essay interprets the setting conditions of altar god and the ritual texts of altar god celebration, points out that the gods of yin and yang military forces play a key role in altar god belief, it＇ s not ancestral god, and shouldn＇t be simply categorized as family protection god. As to its essence, alter god refers to the whole military soldiers system, it includes many generals and soldiers in the altar （stone block） .