伊格尔顿身体美学的古典源头与现代意义

The Classical Source and Modern Significance of Eagleton's Body Aesthetics

受笛卡尔身心二元论的影响,现代人往往视身体为财产,可以任由自我处置,伊格尔顿借助亚里士多德的身体/灵魂与质料/形式学说对此进行了反驳,他认为如何使用肉体决定了人的价值。所谓美学的身体要让有限的身体屈从于无限的意志,这种唯心主义观念既厌恶身体又迷恋身体,试图把身体视为不生不灭的艺术品。而在唯物主义者伊格尔顿看来,其实身体才是人类进行沟通与合作的本质语言,身体和艺术所要表达的意义就在自身的呈现之中,要理解这种身体美学观必须返回亚里士多德的古典伦理学思想。在如何施展人的本质力量问题上,伊格尔顿推进了当代马克思主义的美学与伦理学研究。

Impacted by Descartes＇ dualism, modem people tend to take their body as the physical property that can be self disposed at will. Eagleton refutes this idea with the help of Aristotle＇s body and soul, material and form theories. Instead, he keeps thinking on how the body is used to determine the value of people. The so-called aesthetic body is to make the limited body succumb to the infinite will - this idealism disgusts and is obsessed with the physical body in an attempt to take the body as an eternal art. In the materialist view of Eagleton, the body is the essence of medi- um in human communication and cooperation; the body and art express meanings in their own presentation; and one must return to Aristotle＇s classical ethics to understand the body aesthetics. On the issue of how to exert the power of human nature, Eagleton pushed forward the study of contemporary Marxist＇ s aesthetics and ethics.