技能评价构式“V+得+一M+NP”研究

On the Construction "V + de + yi(一) M + NP"

"V+得+一M+NP"构式的基本构式义为"技能评价",主要表示积极的技能评价。M主要由具有[+人体器官]、[+能发出动作]特征的词语充当,V具有[+明显的动作义]、[+及物性]的特征,V+NP具有[+水平高低区分]的特征。构式中常出现的"好"语义指向其中的动词,可以起到凸显构式义的作用,但并非构式的必有构件。"得"及相关"得"字结构的演变是该构式得以产生的重要条件,在构式化过程中,原型例句的高频使用和类推机制起到关键作用。语用推理和语境义的规约化、"得"的能性义遗留以及构式中相关构件的语义贡献都是构式义得以形成的理据。

The construction of ＂V＋ de ＋yi （-） M＋NP＂ is about ＂skill evaluation＂, mainly a positive one. M, a quasi attributive, is mainly instantiated by words with [＋ human organ] and [＋ send out a certain movement] features, V mainly by words with [＋ obvious action] [＋ transitive] features, and V＋NP has [＋ level distinction] feature. The often-used component ＂hao＂（-） whose semantics orients to the verb can highlight the meaning of the construction, although it is not the necessary part of the construction. From the diachronic perspective, the evolution of ＂de＂ and the related structure are an important condition for the emergence of this construction. In its evolution, the high frequency of the prototype and the analogical mechanism play a key role. The pragmatic inference, the conventionalization of the contextual meaning, the residual pluripotent meaning of ＂de＂ and the semantic contributions of related components in construction are the basis for the formation of this construction.