孝的当代挑战与应对

Study on the Challenges and Remedies of Traditional Chinese Filial Piety in China

孝是中国传统伦理道德文化的核心与基础,在中国传统社会生活中发挥着赡养老人、延续家族生命与文化、和谐家庭人际关系、稳定社会伦理秩序、涵养个体道德人格、安顿个体生命价值等一系列重要功能。但随着社会生活及人们思想观念的深刻变迁,孝在当代中国面临着诸多的问题与挑战:由于传统世界观解释系统的崩解以及随之而来的人们的生命体验和自我理解的深刻变化,人们的心智与孝实际上处于一种相互外在的关系之中,从而使得人们即使在抽象理智层面上承认孝在当代的家庭及社会生活中仍有其重要的功能与价值,但在实际的生活中却又难以按照孝的原则和要求来行动;由于家庭结构以及家庭生活方式的深刻变迁,那些有利于培育孝意识的环境、条件和氛围日益缺失,从而使得人们的孝意识难以得到有效培育而日益弱化;由于知识技能、信息资讯以及生活方式和思想观念等方面的快速更新客观上不断地制造着代际之间的距离、隔阂与冲突,从而在很大程度上增加了人们践行孝道的难度;由于生活成本上升、竞争压力增加以及生活意义匮乏等原因,不仅人们的行孝成本增加,而且人们的行孝意识事实上也不断弱化。只有对以上几个方面作出深刻的批判性分析,才能有效地应对孝在当代中国面临的问题与挑战,从而有效地培育和增进人们的孝意识、孝行为,使孝发挥其应有的功能,彰显其应有的价值。

Filial Piety is the core and basis of the ethical and moral culture in traditional China.But with the profound changes of social life and people’s ideas and thoughts,Filial Piety in contemporary China is faced with a lot of questions and challenges.Specifically,these questions and challenges mainly include the following aspects:Firstly,because of the disintegration of traditional world view and profound changes of people’s life experience and self-understanding,People’s mind keeps a mutually external relation with the Filial Piety in fact.Secondly,because of profound changes of family structures and family lifestyles,the environment,conditions and atmosphere conducive to cultivating consciousness of Filial Piety are reduced increasingly.Thirdly,the quickly updating of knowledge,skill,information,lifestyles and ideology keep increasingly making the distance,gap and conflict between generations objectively,which makes it difficult to practice Filial Piety to a large extent in fact.Lastly,because of the rising of living cost,the increasing of pressure of competition and lack of life significance,not only is the cost of practice of Filial Piety increasing,but also People’s consciousness of Filial Piety is weakened increasingly.Only some critical analyses are given to these aspects above,can we effectively cope with the questions and challenges that Filial Piety is faced in contemporary China,and then can effectively nurture and enhance People’s consciousness of Filial Piety and People’s practice of Filial Piety.