我国人口老龄化态势与养老模式浅探

Discussion on Current Situation of Population Aging and Pension Models in China

我国已快速进入人口老龄化社会,且呈现不可逆转态势.全国人口老龄化具有地区极不平衡、城乡差别很大、女性多于男性、失独老人增加、纯老人家庭多、老年农民工难等阶段性特点.未富先老对传统养老方式带来严峻挑战,特别是传统家庭养老模式功能弱化、家居孤独老人精神需求难以得到满足、农村家庭养老压力巨大,迫切需要根据我国国情构建起以社区为依托、以专业化服务为依靠的家庭—社区型居家养老服务机制,并注重在农村推行"分而不离"的养老模式,以加快发展养老服务业.

China has emerged as an accelerating aging country,which appears irreversible. This process is full of such features as regional imbalances,vast differences between urban and rural areas,elderly women's outnumbering elderly men,increasing number of parents who have lost their only child,many empty nest families and old migrant workers' vulnerabilities. The situation of ' aging before wealthy' poses a critical challenge to the traditional forms of old-age support,forcing the government to focus both on building a professional home care service mechanism based on family-community and on promoting a model of 'parting without leaving'in the countryside to boost the senior service industry according to our national condition.