波德莱尔现代性美学思想分析

An Analysis of Baudelaire's Modern Aesthetic Thought

波德莱尔的美学思想是非常重要的。作为审美现代性的开创者,他对西方现代美学的历史进程起到了极大的影响作用。他认为,美的事物必然具有两重性,即绝对美和特殊美。在这两种美中,他显然更倾向于后者。重视特殊美其实就是近代美学精神的体现。他还认为,自然实际上充满了道德的邪恶性,是一切罪恶的渊薮。由此他非常重视艺术美的内涵和价值。他不仅把美建立在了对丑与恶事物的肯定上,而且对死亡的事物与主题充满迷恋。正是对于颓败、丑陋甚至死亡事物的迷醉,波德莱尔的美学才被我们称为审丑美学和死亡美学。其死亡美学思想在一定意义上更具有普遍的人类经验意义与形上色彩。

Baudelaire,s aesthetic thought is very important. As a pioneer of aesthetic modernity, he played a great role in the his-tory of western modern aesthetics. Baudelaire believed that the beauty of things must have a dual nature, that is, the absolute beauty and special beauty. In the two kinds of beauty, Baudelaire is obviously more inclined to the latter kind of beauty. Baudelaire,s atten-tion to the special beauty is the embodiment of the spirit of modern aesthetics. Baudelaire also believed that the nature was actually full of evil of morality, and the nature was the root of all evil, so Baudelaire paid great attention to the connotation and value of artistic beauty. Baudelaire not only established his aesthetics on the affirmation of ugly and evil things, but also showed a fascination with the theme of death. Because of the decadent and ugly things and even death intoxication, Baudelaire,s aesthetics is called ugliness aesthet-ics and death aesthetics. Baudelaire’ s death aesthetics thought,in a certain sense, has universal human experience and metaphysical color.