语言学的“历史”和“历时”

Historical and Diachronic in Linguistics

"历史"和"历时"是语言学容易混淆却又有根本区别的两个概念。语言学使用"历史"显然是受到别的学科的影响;而"历时"这个概念是索绪尔提出来的,这种时间态与"共时"相对。索绪尔提出"共时""历时"划分的理论原则,这两种时间态既有区别也密切关联。认知分析对像语法化这种历时演变研究有重要意义,但不足以否定语言研究区别共时和历时的原则。基于语言研究的科学化,语言学使用"历时"这个概念比"历史"这个概念更为科学。

Historical and diachronic are two concepts which are easy to be confused but fundamentally different in Linguistics. The use of “ historical” in linguistics is clearly influenced by other sciences,but the term “ diachronic” is put forward by Saussure who is based on langue and its time feature. Saussure proposes the theoretical principle of synchronic and diachronic, and the two kinds of time states are both different and closed related. Cognitive analysis is of great significance to the study of diachronic evolution, but it is not enough to deny the principle of synchronic and diachronic. Based on the scientific study of language, “diachronic” is more scientif-ic than the concept of “historical”.