副词“有点”与谓词性结构不同组合研究

Two Sentence Patterns Combined by Adverb “yǒudiǎn” and Predicate Structures

副词"有点"与谓词性结构组合的两种句式:["X+‘有点’+Y"]和["‘有点’+X+Y"],由于搭配不同的谓词性结构,"有点"在句中所处的句法位置也会产生差异,对于主谓短语来说,能进入前一句式的结构类型多于后一句式;对于状中短语来说,能进入两种句式的结构类型相当;对于中补短语、动宾短语和兼语短语来说,能进入后一句式的结构类型多于前一句式。两种句式的基本语法意义都表示事物性质状态的程度之微,但它们的结构层次有所不同,即使结构层次相同的情况,也会有不同的语义指向。如果某些谓词性结构能同时进入两种句式,这时同一语料的出现频率却是前一句式多于后一句式,并且形成互相转换的关系,转换后两种句式并不完全等值,在语义偏向上存在差异。

By combining adverb ＂youdian＂ and predicate structures,two sentence patterns could be formed ：[“M ＋‘youdian ＋ N” ] and [“‘youdian’＋ M ＋ N” ] . With different predicate structures, there are different syntactic positions where “youdian” is in the sentences. For subject - predicate structures, the structure types in the former are more than in the latter. For adverbial - head structures, the structure types in the former are equal to those in the latter. For central - complement phrases and verb - object phrases and concurrent phrases, the structure types in the latter are more than in the former. The basic grammatical meanings of these two sentence patterns both refer to the low degree of things, properties and status. But they have different syntactic levels. Although in the same syntactic levels, they will have different semantic orientations. If some predicate structures can simultaneously come into two sentence patterns, the frequencies of occurrence that the same corpus appear in the former are larger than in the latter. And then relations that they can convert each other will be formed, but with semi - equivalences and differences in the semantic tendency between them.