流感在老年人、慢性基础性疾病患者和医务人员的疾病负担与疫苗预防

The burden of disease and vaccine prevention of influenza in the elderly,patients with chronic diseases and health personnel

流行性感冒(简称流感)是由流感病毒引起的呼吸道传染病,主要造成鼻、喉、支气管及肺部感染,其传播迅速,很容易藉由咳嗽或喷嚏造成飞沫传染。大多数的健康成人在感染后的1~2个星期便能自行恢复。然而,对老年人和慢性基础性疾病患者而言,感染流感病毒可能会导致住院甚至死亡。每年定期接种流感疫苗是目前已知预防流感最好的方式。本文旨在对流感高危人群的疾病负担及疫苗预防做一描述。

Influenza,a highly contagious viral infection,affects mainly the nose,throat,bronchi and lungs. It is easily transmitted via droplets through coughing or sneezing. Most will recover within one to two weeks without medical care after infection. For older people and those with certain health conditions,however,it may result in hospitalization or even death. Receiving an annual vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza. This study aims to describe the burden of disease and vaccine prevention among these higher risk groups.