海洋地震采集足迹成因分析及衰减方法

Cause analysis and attenuation of the marine seismic acquisition footprint

受采集设备性能非一致性和采集环境变化的影响,海洋地震勘探资料中会留下采集足迹,从而对地震资料成像精度和地质解释结论造成不利影响,进而影响岩石物理分析、油气藏落实和井位选择等。分析了产生采集足迹的几种主要因素及其影响程度,提出了针对潮汐影响、设备及环境影响、水速影响及观测系统影响所造成的采集足迹的衰减方法。实际资料处理结果表明,本文提出的几种方法的组合应用能有效衰减海洋地震勘探中的采集足迹,提高地震资料的成像精度。

The acquisition footprint in marine seismic data due to the inconsistency of equipment and acquisi-tion environment variation adversely affects the seismic image and geology interpretation, and then affects the rock physical analysis, reservoir prediction and well position selection. In this paper, the main contrib-uting factors of the footprint and their influences on imaging are analyzed, and the attenuation methods are discussed according to the genetic classification of footprints, such as tidal impact, equipment, sea water velocity variation and observation system. Actual data processing results show that the combined applica-tion of the methods can effectively attenuate the acquisition footprint of marine seismic exploration and im-prove the seismic data imaging precision.