不同药剂处理对小麦赤霉病药效和保绿防衰效果试验

Field Efficacy of Different Fungicides on Wheat Scab and Their Effects of Retaining Green Leaf and Preventing Leaf Senescence

受耕作制度调整等因素影响,江苏省盐城市盐都区小麦赤霉病的流行频率上升,且赤霉病菌对多菌灵及其复配剂抗性增强。目前生产上防治小麦赤霉病的药剂品种较多,防效差异大。本研究对市场上常用的8大类杀菌剂及其复配剂防治赤霉病的药效和保绿防衰效果进行试验,结果表明:在单剂中,用三唑类80%戊唑醇WP 22.5 g/667 m^2、三唑硫酮类25%丙硫菌唑SC 50mL/667 m^2的防效在70%以上;在复配剂中,48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 60 mL/667 m^2、15%氯啶·戊唑醇SC 100 mL/667 m^2、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WDG 20 g/667 m^2、28%烯肟·多菌灵WP 100 g/667 m^2、15%丙硫·戊唑醇SC 120 mL/667 m^2这5个处理的防效在70%以上,同时三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇及其复配剂、三唑硫酮类杀菌剂丙硫菌唑表现出良好的保绿防衰效果,绿叶指数在80%以上,可延长小麦剑叶绿色时间2 d左右,千粒质量增加,增产效果明显。

In recent years, with the adjustment of farming system and other factors, the prevalence of wheat scab has increased in Yandu District of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. At present, many chemical agents are commercially available for preventing and controlling wheat scab, but they differ substantially in control efficacy. In this study, we performed a field trial to evaluate eight types of individual fungicides and their combinations on the market for their efficacy in controlling wheat scab and their effects of retaining green color in wheat leaves and preventing leaf senescence. As a result, among individual agents, 80% tebuconazole WP(a three triazole fungicide,applied at 22.5 g/667 m^2) and 25% prothioconazole SC(a triazole thioketone agent, applied at 50 mL/667 m^2) both achieved the control efficacy >70%. On the other side, five fungicide combinations(48% JS399-19 plus·tebuconazole SC applied at 60 mL/667 m^2, 15%SYP-7017 plus tebuconazole SC at 100 mL/667 m^2, 75% trifloxystrobin·plus tebuconazole WDG at 20 g/667 m^2, 28% enestroburin·plus carbendazim WP at 100 g/667 m^2, and 15% albendazole·plus tebuconazole WPSC at 120 mL/667 m^2) all attained the control efficacy >70%. In addition, the triazole fungicide tebuconazole(applied alone or in combination with other fungicides) and the triazole thioketone fungicide prothioconazole both produced a noticeable effect of retaining green color in wheat leaves and preventing leaf senescence, with the green leaf index > 80%; they retained green color in the flag leaf for two days longer and also significantly increased the thousand grain weight of wheat as compared with the non-treated control.