在叙事与抒情之间的价值重估——梁启超、王国维对传统文学类型观的调整

Narrative or Lyric?——An Observation About the Transformation of Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei's Ideas of Literary Genres in Early 20th Century

中国传统文学观褒扬各类抒情文学而相对轻视小说、戏曲等叙事文学,二十世纪初梁启超、王国维对此予以颠倒,将叙事文学的地位置于抒情文学之上。这在晚清知识界具有相当的普遍性。因两人对文学的本质和功用等的认识存在显著分歧,导致二人对传统文学类型观进行调整的原因存在明显差异,但又存在着内在的共性的因素,如文学认同的由中国文学向西方文学倾斜,在对文学的性质的认识中强调认知和思想的因素,以及二元对立的思维方式等。梁启超和王国维试图纠正中国文学及传统文学观的局限,对此应予肯定,但其中所存在的矫枉过正的偏颇也不应忽视。

Traditional Chinese literary views always attach importance to all kinds of lyric literature and relatively underestimates narrative literature such as fiction and drama. However, at the early 20th century, Liang Qichao and Wang Guowei tried to reverse their sta tus, which was a consensus among the intellectuals at that time. On account of their disagreement on the essence and function of literature, the general transitions of literary views have not only apparently different causes but also inner similarities, such as shifting the literary identity from China to western countries, emphasizing cognition and ideology in literary nature, and having the concept of binary opposition. Liang and Wang’ s attempts to amend traditional Chinese literary views are praiseworthy, but there still remain some problems because of hyper-correction.