印度尼西亚政治整合的实践进程与效绩评析

An Analysis of the Practical Process and Performance of Indonesian Political Integration

独立建国以来,印度尼西亚的政治发展经历3个主要阶段。与此相联系,可以把该国的政治整合实践进程概括为3个时期:建国初期苏加诺通过凝聚意识形态共识、推进民主制度转换等方式进行国家政治整合的早期基础性实践,而军队在国家政治生活中作用的提升为苏哈托军人政权的建立写下伏笔;随后,官僚威权体制得以确立,苏哈托通过"双重职能"提升军队地位、限制政党政治发展、领导经济建设等方式进行威权政治整合实践,该实践带有鲜明的聚合性、自主性和脆弱性;及至后苏哈托时代,印尼进入民主政治转型时期,其政治整合实践路径也随之转换为民主政治整合。在该国政治民主化改革取得巨大成绩的同时,其政治民主化进程中的深层问题也得以暴露。目前印尼在政治整合方面还有非常繁重的任务要去完成,政治整合效绩对国家未来发展至关重要。

Since the founding of the Republic of Indonesia,the political development of this country has gone through three major stages. Based on this,the process of political integration in the country can be summarized into three stages. The early days of basic practice of national political integration was initialized by Sukarno through the cohesion of ideological consensus and transformation of democratic systems. The promotion of the role of the army in the national political life wrote down the hint in the country for the establishment of Suharto military regime. Subsequently,the bureaucratic authoritarian system has been established. Suharto蒺 s practice of authoritarian political integration through “ dual functions冶 , such as up-grading the status of the armed forces, restricting the development of party politics and leading the economic construction, was characterized by distinct cohesion, autonomy and vulnerability. Up to the post-Suharto era, Indonesia entered the peri-od of democratic political transition, its political integration practice path also converted to democratic political integration. While the country’s political democratization reform has made great achievements,the deep-rooted problems in the process of its political democratization have been exposed. At present,there are still very arduous tasks in the political integration of Indonesia to be finished,the political integration performance is essential to the country＇s future development.