老年患者术后认知功能障碍的研究进展

Research progress on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly

术后认知功能障碍(POCD)是麻醉与手术后中枢神经系统常见的并发症,尤以老年患者多见。老年患者出现POCD并非由单一因素引起,而是多个危险因素相互作用的共同结果,应及时发现并处理,否则会导致终身认知功能损害。本文分析并总结了POCD的相关文献,对POCD的危险因素、手术操作、麻醉药物、麻醉方式对POCD的影响以及POCD的预防策略进行阐述,探讨其在POCD发生发展中的作用,为防治老年患者POCD提供新的思路。

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction （POCD） is a common neurological complication following surgery and anesthesia, especially for the elderly patients.POCD in the elderly develops as a result of interaction of multiple factors rather than a single cause.POCD will lead to lifelong cognitive impairment if the patients are not getting detection and management timely.This article analyzed and summarized relevant literatures about POCD, and elucidated the risk factors for POCD, the effects of surgical procedures,anesthetic medicines and approaches on its occurrence, and the strategies for its prevention and treatment.We also reviewed the roles of above influencing factors in the occurrence and development of POCD in order to provide new idea for prevention and treatment of the disorder in the elderly.