湘西猕猴桃种植基地土壤和猕猴桃中重金属积累状况研究

Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Kiwifruit of Planting Base in Western Hunan Province, China

对湘西主要猕猴桃种植基地的土壤和猕猴桃植株中As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr等重金属的累积状况进行了分析研究。研究结果表明:6个猕猴桃种植地区的土壤中重金属积累均不明显,湘西有1地区土壤中镉(4.900 mg·kg^(-1))、汞(0.634 mg·kg^(-1))含量有所超标外,其余各地区各重金属含量均在国家标准范围以下;同时各地区重金属的综合污染指数P综均远小于0.7,有5处基地无重金属污染现象发生,符合绿色猕猴桃种植基地土壤所需标准,可以安全生产。各地区猕猴桃枝干、叶片中各种重金属(镉、汞除外)的含量都很小;猕猴桃对土壤中重金属镉具有较强的吸收能力,其枝干中镉含量达到12.73%。6个地区猕猴桃果实中各重金属的含量都低于或远低于国家标准值,属于无污染的绿色水果。通过综合分析可得,湘西猕猴桃主要种植地土壤状况良好,果实无重金属残留现象。

The heavy metals accumulation in soil and kiwi fruit plant in Western Hunan Province main kiwifruit planting base were analyzed, such as As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr. The results showed that the accumulation of heavy metals in soil of 6 kiwifruit planting areas were not obvious. The contents of heavy metals in most of areas of Western Hunan Province were below the national standard, except one area where the soil contents of cadmium（4.900 mg· kg-1 ）, mercury（0.634 mg· kg-1） were exceeded. At the same time, the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals was less than 0.7 in these areas. There were 5 bases with no pollution of heavy metal, all which the kiwifruit could be safely produced in line with the requirements of the green kiwifruit planting base soil standards. At these areas, the contents of various heavy metals （except cadmium and mercury） were small in the branches and leaves of kiwifruit; kiwifruit had a very well capacity to absorb the cadmium when the cadmium content of its branches reached 12.73%. The heavy metal contents of the kiwifruit in the 6 regions, which belonging to the pollutionfree green fruits, were below or far lower than the national standard. According to the comprehensive analysis, the soil condition of the main cultivated land in Western Hunan Province was good, and the fruit had no heavy metal residues.