健康体检妊娠妇女全血微量元素检测结果分析

Analysis of trace elements in whole blood of healthy pregnant women

目的了解健康妊娠妇女的全血微量元素水平,为孕期合理保健提供临床指导。方法选取2013年1月至2016年4月我院门诊接受健康体检的妊娠妇女120例为观察组,并按照孕周长短,将其分为妊娠早期组(35例)、妊娠中期组(64例)和妊娠晚期组(21例)。选取同期50例来我院进行健康检查的健康育龄未妊娠妇女为对照组。比较四组受检者全血微量元素中的铁、钙、锌、镁、铜含量的差异以及铅、镉超标情况。结果观察组妇女铁、钙、锌、镁、铜缺乏率分别为20.00%、13.33%、16.67%、4.17%、3.33%,均明显高于对照组(10.00%、4.00%、10.00%、2.00%、2.00%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);妊娠中、晚期组妇女铁、钙、锌、镁缺乏率均明显高于对照组,妊娠晚期组铜缺乏率明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组妇女的铁、钙、锌、镁含量分别为(6.53±1.58)mmol/L、(1.62±0.23)mmol/L、(83.25±12.35)μmol/L、(1.52±0.13)mmol/L,均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);妊娠早期组妇女的锌含量明显少于对照组,妊娠中、晚期组妇女的铁、钙、锌、镁含量均明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);四组妇女铜含量水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且均无铅镉超标现象。结论本地区的妊娠妇女全血中主要缺乏铁、锌、钙,临床指导孕期保健应以此为主,同时重视对铅镉含量的监控。

Objective To investigate the trace elements level in whole blood of healthy pregnant women, and provide clinical guidance for reasonable health care during pregnancy. Methods A total of 120 pregnant women undergoing health examination in our hospital from January 2013 to April 2016 were investigated as observation group. They were divided according to gestational weeks： early pregnancy group（n=35）, middle pregnancy group（n=64） and late pregnancy group（n=21）. Fifty healthy women of childbearing age were selected as control group. The level changes of trace elements（iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and copper） in the whole blood of four groups were explored, and the excessive levels of lead and cadmium were investigated. Results The deficiency rates of Fe, Ca, Zn, Mg and Cu in observation group were 20.00%, 13.33%, 16.67%, 4.17% and 3.33%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）. The deficiency rates of Fe, Ca, Zn, Mg in middle and late groups were significantly higher than those in control group; and the deficiency rates of Cu in late group was significantly higher than that in control group, with statistically significant difference（P〈0.05）. The serum level of Fe, Ca, Zn and Mg in the observation group were（6.53 ± 1.58） mmol/L,（1.62 ± 0.23） mmol/L,（83.25 ± 12.35） μmol/L,（1.52±0.13） mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group（P〈0.05）. The Zn level in early group was significantly less than that in the control group（P〈0.05）. The contents of Fe, Ca, Zn and Mg in the middle and late group were significantly less than those in the control group（P〈0.05）. Comparison of Cu levels in four groups showed no significant difference（P〈0.05）, and there was no lead cadmium excess phenomenon. Conclusion In this region, iron, zinc, calcium deficiency in pregnant women were significantly higher than other trace element. Clinical guidance of pregnancy care should pay attention to the supplement of above elements, and the monitoring of lead and cadmium content.