肉毒毒素作用机制的研究进展

Advances on botulinum toxin action mechanism

肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin,BTX)是肉毒梭状芽胞杆菌在生长繁殖过程中产生的一种外毒素,其通过抑制神经递质的释放而引起肌肉松弛型麻痹。在世界范围内,肉毒中毒的案例时有发生,病情严重的患者最终因呼吸衰竭而死亡。肉毒毒素相关产品在临床痉挛性疾病、腺体分泌过度、神经性疼痛的治疗及美容除皱等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。因而,肉毒毒素作用机制的研究在肉毒中毒的治疗以及临床新适应症的开发等方面具有重要意义。就肉毒毒素跨越小肠上皮细胞屏障的吸收及神经毒性作用机制的研究现状作一概述。

Botulinum toxin is an exotoxin generated in the growth of the clostridium botulinum, which has an extreme toxicity and seriously lethal effect for human and animal by inhibition of releasing neuro-transmitter to cause flaccid musclular paralysis. Botulism cases persistent occur in the worldwide, some serious patients will die of respiratory failure. More importantly, the products related to botulinum toxin have remarkable prospects in a broader applications in treatment of clinical spastic disease, excessive glands, cosmetology and the neuropathic pain. Therefore, it has a great significance to research mechanism of botulinum toxin in clinical treatment of botulism and development of new indications. The paper summarizes advances on mechanisms about botulinum toxin absorption after it acrossing the small intestinal cell barrier and neurotoxic action.