汾河水库上游流域土地利用类型变化特征及其水环境效应研究

Land use type change and the related water environment response in the upstream basin of Fenhe Reservoir

利用遥感和GIS技术,结合现场核查与生态调查,对汾河水库上游流域5 268 km2区域各阶段生态系统构成及转化特征进行了研究。结合区域自然地理、水文及农业生产条件,分析了研究区各类生态系统变化对流域水环境的影响。研究表明:2000-2013年,汾河水库上游流域土地利用类型主要为草地、灌丛、森林,约占总面积的80%,但农地面积减少,森林、草地、湿地、城镇面积增加;草地是最稳定的土地利用类型,森林为最活跃的土地利用类型,湿地和森林在空间上呈现扩张的发展趋势;研究区森林、湿地生态系统面积增加,农田面积减少,对流域水环境均起到正效应,城镇面积的增加体现为负效应。汾河水库上游土地利用变化向有利于流域水环境的改善趋势发展。

Based on the remote sensing and GIS technologies, with the in - situ investigation and ecological survey, the ecological system components and the transformation characteristics at different stages in the 5268 km2 area of upstream basin of Fenhe Reservoir were studied. According to the natural geogra- phy, hydrological and agricuhural conditions, the effects of variations for different types of ecological system on water environment of the basin were analyzed. The results showed that： From 2000 to 2013, the main land use types at upstream of Fenhe reservoir were grassland, bushwood and forest, accounting for 80% of total area. Among them, the area of farmland was decreasing, while the area of forest, grassland, wetland and town was increasing; Grassland was the most stable land use type, and forest was the most active land use type. Forest and wetland were expanding spatially; The increase of forest and wetland area and the decrease of farmland area had positive effects on the basin environment. The increase of town area influenced the water environment negatively. In a word, the land use change in the upper reaches of Fenhe Reservoir improved the water environment.