彝族“付拖”与《羌族释比图经》中五行生肖的对比与解读

A Comparison and Interpretation of the Five Elements and Earthly Branches Found in the Yi's “Futuo”Diagram and the Qiang Shibi's Illustrated Book

在彝族的付拖图里,蕴含了五行及生肖。在《羌族释比图经》中蕴含了五行生肖内容,表现出独特的羌族文化特色,有极为重要的学术价值。因为彝族和羌族的先民都与古羌人有密切的关系,而古羌人与中原先民文化有密切的关系,所以彝族和羌族的五行生肖文化与中原五行生肖文化当有文化渊源关系,只是在后来的传承中,因为传承主体的原因而表现出不同民族特色。因为羌族没有文字对自己的五行生肖文化加以定格记录,所以现在对之抢救和研究显得特别重要。

Since ancient times, the concepts of yin-yang and wuxing （the five elements） have been an important part of the philosophical world of the Chinese people. It is a component of their ＂ideological principles＂ and cosmological belief sys- tem. As early as the hongfan chapter of the Shang Shu （The Book of History）, one of the principles proposed by Jizi to King Wu for manageing state af- fairs was related to the five elements. The main ideology he wanted to express is： All the objective things have their own rules; instead of resisting and violating them, they can be revealed, con- trolled, and used by the people; those people who do not follow the natural rules will be punished by nature. The concept of the five elements was culturally very significant in the pre-Qin period, and influenced related ethnic groups in later times. Es- pecially with regard to the social development of later periods, the five elements, combined with the heavenly stems and earthly branches （the twelve annual animals of the zodiac）, turned into a ＂ uni- versal＂ principle which deeply influenced people＇s world view and society.