话语标记词Well的特殊叙事语用功能研究

An Analysis of Pragmatic Functions for Dm Well in Oral Narrative

Well话语标记形态独立于词汇意义,在口语交际中因其所起的典型语用功能而备受学界关注。作为话语标记词,其语用意识概括起来也有十几种之多,然而well在口头叙述中所起着既不同于词汇意义也不同于常见话语标记功能的特定功能,即开启新的故事和新的片段,引导听者进入叙事框架和故事开头与结尾,在故事被打断或离题后叙事者引导听者重回故事主线和故事情节,预想故事结局等功能。因此well在口头叙事中所反映的是对叙事框架和内容组织的期望以及对叙述结构掌控的语用功能。

Well, as a discourse marker which is not related to its lexical meaning, draws linguists＇ attention because of its typically DM functions in oral discourse. Despite the complicated functions of DM well , it is impressive in its special functions in oral narra- tive, which follow neither from the lexieal meanings of the words nor from their usual discourse marker functions. The special functions demonstrate how story-tellers initiate and conclude narrative action, how they guide listeners back to the main sequence of narrative el- ements after interruptions and digressions, and how listeners can invoke well to re-orient the primary teller to the expected order of nar- rative presentation, etc. DM well reflects expectations about the structures and the contents, control of the conventions of storytelling in the oral narration.