论世界市场发展与美国对外贸易策略的演变

A study on Development of World Market and Evolvement of US Trade Strategy

随着资本主义经济制度的扩张,世界市场经历了碎片化、区域化和全球化三个阶段,在20世纪初发展成为整体。世界市场发展给落后国家带来挑战的同时也带来机遇,依据国内生产能力和市场发展水平,对贸易策略实施动态管理和调整,以服务经济增长和国际竞争力提升为目的。美国基于碎片化的世界市场发展依附英国的殖民贸易,把握世界市场发展的区域化推进自主贸易,依托全球市场发展扩张性贸易,由追随世界经济发展向引领世界经济发展转变,形成以市场为中心、以产业能力为基础、追求利益为目标的贸易传统,确立世界经济大国地位。美国利用世界市场发展推行差别化的贸易策略,实现贸易利益汇聚与经济发展,对中国今天的发展有重要启示和借鉴意义。

With the expansion of the capitalist economic system, world market development experiences three stages,frag- mentation, regionalization and globalization,bonded together in the early 20＇h century. The development of the world market bring backward countries not only challenges but also opportunities, based on the level of industry capabilitY and market growth,through dynamic management and adjusting trade development strategy to serve country＇s economic growth and its international competition. The United States of America develops dependency trade relation with United Kingdom based on fragmentation of the World Market, to grasp regional development of World Market developing independent trade, relying on global market and the strong industrial capacity implement expansionary trade policies, passing from follower to trendsetter of world economic development, forming the trade traditions regarding market as center, industry capacity as foundation, benefit as goal, and establishs the world economic power. The US implements different trade strategies according to the de- velopment of the world market, and achieve trade interest convergence and economic development, which has important en- lightenment and referential significance to China＇s development.