薄荷醇提取秦俑坑出土彩绘遗迹的性能评估研究

A study on the safety of using menthol to extract polychrome relics at the Qinshihuang's terracotta army excavation site

薄荷醇作为新型的考古发掘现场临时固型提取材料,已经在秦俑一号坑的考古工地上得到了成功应用,但是关于薄荷醇实施提取的安全性能评估还需要深入研究。本实验开展了薄荷醇在秦俑一号坑考古发掘现场的遗迹(土壤和彩绘漆皮)上的实验室性能评估;采用压汞法研究了薄荷醇处理前后秦俑土颗粒的孔隙结构变化;采用超景深三维视频显微镜考察了薄荷醇施加并挥发过程中秦俑土和彩绘漆皮的显微结构变化;采用GC-MS分析了薄荷醇的残留;对薄荷醇挥发过程中在文物遗迹基底上的再结晶现象进行了讨论。研究结果表明,薄荷醇提取遗迹后不会破坏秦俑土的物理结构,彩绘漆皮形貌完好,作为考古发掘现场遗迹提取材料,薄荷醇在出土秦俑彩绘遗迹上使用时是安全的。

As a new temporary consolidation and extraction material in archaeological excavation, menthol has been used successfully in the No.1 pit at Emperor Qinshihuang＇s Mausoleum Site Museum. However, it is necessary to investigate related safety issues. In this paper, the safety issues related to applying menthol to relics from the No.1 pit of Emperor Qinshihuang＇s Mausoleum Site were assessed. The site soil and polychrome lacquer were analyzed. The pore configuration of the site soil, the polychrome lacquer surface morphology and the cracks in the polychrome lacquer before and after treatment with menthol were compared. Whisker growth on the substrate during menthol sublimation was observed and discussed whether it is hazard to fragile remains. A GCMS method was used to analyze the residue left from methanol treatment. The recrystallization on the relics is discussed during the evaporation of menthol. Overall this study showed that the physical structures of site soil and polychrome lacquer were unchanged. So it is safe to use menthol on unearthed polychrome relics in the Qinshihuang＇s Terracotta Army site.