受托人委托第三人处理信托事务的法律规制——基于民事责任分配的视角

Legal Regulations for a Trustee Delegating the Third Party to Administer Trust Affairs: From the Perspective of Civil Liability Distribution

域外立法对合法委托与违法委托两种情形下受托人与第三人之间的民事责任分配确立了完整的规则,其规则在很大程度上秉持了受益人最大利益的理念,但仍然存在某些缺陷。我国《信托法》仅规定了合法委托时受托人的责任承担规则,有失妥当,有必要根据信托法的基本原理并借鉴比较法上的合理做法予以修正和完善。一是将合法委托时受托人的严格责任修正为过错责任,并增订违法委托时受托人的严格责任;二是增订合法委托时第三人的过错责任,并分别增订违法委托时第三人的过错责任与连带责任:若第三人明知或应知受托人的委托为违法委托,其应当与受托人承担连带责任;若第三人不知也不应当知道受托人的委托为违法委托,则仅就其处理信托事务的行为承担过错责任。

There are comprehensive rules about the civil liability distribution between a trustee and the thirdparty in foreign legislations, including rules under conditions whether the delegation of a trustee is legal or ille-gal. They uphold the rule of best interests of beneficiary to a great extent, but still have some limitations. TheTrust Law of the Peopleg Republic of China only stipulates a trustee＇ s civil liability when the delegation is ille-gal. The revision of the law should be made according to the items of trust law and？ the valuable experience inforeign legislations. Firstly, a trustee should be subject to fault liability rather than strict liability when the trus-tee＇ s delegation is legal, and a trustee should bear strict liability for his illegal delegation. Secondly, it shouldprovide the third party delegated to administer a trust bearing fault liability when the trustee＇ s delegation is le-gal. Meanwhile, it should also stipulate respectively a third party joint liability and fault liability when the trus-tee＇ s delegation is legal, and the different liability should be applied under different circumstances.