孕妇孕期被动吸烟与小于胎龄儿的相关性

Correlation between passive smoking during pregnancy and small for gestational age infant

目的探讨孕妇孕期被动吸烟与小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)的关系,为临床防治提供参考。方法选取2015年1—10月在甘肃省妇幼保健院分娩的105例SGA作为病例组,同期分娩的717例为对照组,采用回顾性病例对照研究,应用Logistic回归分析方法进行分析。结果 SGA组与对照组在产妇受教育程度(χ~2=6.69)、家庭收入(χ~2=5.61)、产妇孕前体重(χ~2=9.64)、产妇孕期体重增加(χ~2=11.73)、孕期被动吸烟(χ~2=15.30)、配偶身高(χ~2=4.75)及饮酒(χ~2=3.85)、孕期并发症妊娠期高血压疾病(χ~2=10.59)等方面差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),在怀孕早期、中期和晚期孕妇被动吸烟是SGA发生的危险因素;调整产妇受教育程度、产妇不良孕产史、产妇孕前体重指数(BMI)、产妇孕期体重增加、产妇孕期饮茶史、家庭月收入、母亲妊娠期高血压疾病和糖尿病及其他并发症等混杂因素,在妊娠中期(χ~2=13.45,OR=2.80)、晚期(χ~2=11.98,OR=2.70)被动吸烟与SGA呈强关联性(均P<0.00)。结论在整个孕期孕妇避免被动吸烟可能会降低胎儿发生SGA的相对危险性,尤其是在怀孕中期和后期。

Objective To discuss correlation between passive smoking during pregnancy and small for gestational age （SGA） infant, to provide reference for clinical prevention. Methods During the period of January to October, 2015, 105 SGA cases born in Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital were selected as case group, and 717 cases born in the same period as the control group. Retrospective case control study and Logistic regression were taken to analyze the cor- relation between passive smoking during pregnancy and SGA. Results There were differences in educational background （χ^2=6.69）, family income （t=-5.61）, maternal pre-pregnancy weight （χ^2=9.64）, weight increase during pregnancy （g2=11.73）, passive smoking （χ^2=15.30）, the height of husband （χ^2=4.75） and drinking alcohol （χ^2=3.85） and gestational hypertension （χ^2= 10.59） between SGA group and control group （P〈0.05）. Passive smoking during early, mid and late gestation was the risk of SGA. After adjusting confounding factors, including educational background, negative reproductive history, matemal pre-pregnancy BMI, weight increase during pregnancy, drinking tea during pregnancy, family income, gestational hyperten- sion and diabetes mellitus, etc., there was strong correlation between passive smoking during mid （X^=13.45, OR=2.80） and late （X^=11.98, OR=2.70） gestation and SGA （all P〈0.00）. Conclusions Avoiding passive smoking during pregnancy can reduce relative risk of SGA, especially during mid and late gestation.