重庆市3～6岁儿童伤害现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of current situation and influencing factors of injury in 3～6 years old children of Chongqing city

目的了解重庆市3~6岁儿童的伤害现状,分析相关因素与儿童伤害之间的关系。方法采用调查问卷,回顾性调查重庆市5个区县1 773名儿童的受伤情况及影响因素。结果调查了1 773名儿童,伤害发生率为28.54%。男、女童、城市儿童与农村儿童比较差异有统计学意义。跌倒/坠落发生率最高(57.31%),其次是刀或锐器刺、绞、割、戳(9.68%)。因意外而受伤的儿童占56.45%;64.50%的受伤场所是家中;头面部是最易受伤的部位;受伤后,45.56%的儿童进行了门诊处理;受伤严重程度中没有明显伤害占46.57%;儿童失能表现和伤害结局中,无影响分别占90.54%和77.68%;单因素分析显示父亲外地打工、家中子女数量、父亲、祖父母及外祖父母照顾儿童时间都是儿童伤害的影响因素。结论 3~6岁学龄前儿童意外伤害多发生在家里,父亲在防范儿童伤害中扮演了重要的角色,根据学龄前儿童的伤害特点,进行家庭预防更具有积极的意义。

Objective To learn the status and influencing factors of injury in 3~6 years old children of Chongqing cit- y,and explore relationship between risk factors and injury among children. Methods In stratified sampling method, 1 773 preschool children from 5 counties in Chongqing city were selected. Questionnaire was used to assess the children＇s injury ac- tive and risk factors. Results Survey of 1 773 children,the total incidence of injury was 28.54%. There were significant differences between boys and girls, the urban children and rural children. The rate of falling was the highest（57.31% ）inju- ry, the second was stab/stung/cut （ 9.68 % ）, burn/ scald （8.70 % ）, respectively. 56.45 % of the children were injured because of the accident. 64.50% of the children were injuried at home. Head and face were the most easily injured parts of the body. 45.56 % of the children went to the clinic after injurying. 46.57% of parents believed that children had no obvious injury. The disability performance and the injuried end,no influence were 90.54% and 77.68% ,respectively. The univariate analy-sis showed that the risk factors affecting the injury of children were father working outside,the number of children in the family,the time of taking care of children of father,grandparents and maternal grandparents and children injury. Conclu- sions Preschool children＇s accidental injury occurres at home,father play an important role in the prevention of injury to the children. According to the characteristics of injury of preschool children, there is more positive significance to prevent injury in family.