变应原吸入激发试验应用概况

Application of allergen inhalation provocation challenge

支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）是最常见的慢性气道疾病之一。近年来其患病率在全球范围内有逐年增加的趋势。变应性哮喘为哮喘的常见类型，通常于暴露变应原后诱发。环境中的吸入性变应原如尘螨、花粉等为变应性哮喘最主要的致敏物质。通过吸入特定类型及剂量的变应原，对敏感患者进行变应原吸入激发试验，可诱发其产生可控性的哮喘反应，对探讨变应性哮喘的发病机制及新治疗靶点有重要作用。本文就其发展史、原理和操作方法等方面进行阐述。

Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic airway diseases. Its prevalence has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Allergic asthma is the most common subtype of bronchial asthma and usually can betrigged by allergen exposure. The major inhalant allergens consist of dust mitesand pollen. Through inhaling specific type and dose of certain allergen, controllable asthma response could be induced in sensitive patients. That would be great helpful to explore the pathogenesis and the new therapeutic targetsof allergic asthma. An overview of the development, mechanismand standard operation procedure of allergen inhalation challenge was described in this review.