机动车尾气污染物对咳嗽的影响

Effect of motor vehicle pollutants on cough

机动车排放尾气对室外大气污染的贡献率逐年增加，其与呼吸系统疾病的关系已有大量的研究报道，例如机动车来源的PM2.5、NO2、CO、SO2等浓度的升高可增加呼吸系统疾病的病死率，并引起慢性气道疾病患病率的增加。此外，越来越多的流行病学研究表明，机动车尾气污染与儿童、青少年呼吸系统症状，例如咳嗽、咳痰、喘息的发生密切相关。本文主要综述机动车污染物（PM2.5、CO、NOx以及SO2）对咳嗽症状的流行病学研究，并总结潜在的致病机制。

The contribution rate of exhaust gas from vehicle to outdoor air pollution has been increasing year by year, and the relationship between exhaust gas and respiratory disease has been widely reported. For example, the increasing of concentration of PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2 can elevate the mortality of respiratory diseases as well as the prevalence of chronic airway disease. In addition, a growing number of epidemiological studies have shown that motor vehicle exhaust pollution is closely related to the occurrence of children and adolescentsr respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum, and wheezing. This review mainly focuses on the epidemiological studies of cough related to motor vehicle pollutants （including PM2.5, CO, NOx, and SO2 ） and summarizes its underlying pathogenic mechanisms.