含锌瓦斯泥资源化回收利用研究进展

Research Development of Recovery and Utilization of Zinc-bearing Blast Furnace Sludge

含锌瓦斯泥是冶炼行业产生的固体废弃物,含有铁、碳、锌、铅等元素,处置不当不但会引起环境污染,还会导致资源浪费。含锌瓦斯泥常规选矿处理工艺具有工艺简单、运行成本低、易于实施等优点,但锌富集效率较低,难以直接得到合格产品;火法处理工艺具有成本低、流程短、回收率高等优势,但能耗高、对环境污染严重;湿法处理工艺通常可得到较高的浸出率,但工作条件较为恶劣,设备腐蚀严重,易造成二次污染;联合处理工艺可以实现资源综合性回收利用,获得的产品质量高,但工艺过程复杂;微波处理技术清洁、高效,但目前主要在实验室范围内应用,尚未实现规模化工业应用。指出今后应加强瓦斯泥性质和生产工艺适应性的研究,研发新型廉价环保的处理工艺,同时发挥各工艺间的协同作用,加强微波工艺处理含锌瓦斯泥的深入研究与推广应用。

Zinc-bearing blast furnace sludge is solid waste generated by smelting industry, with Fe, C, Zn, Pb, etc. elememts. However,if blast furnace sludge is mishandled, not only will cause environment pollution, but also resources will be wasted. Blast furnace sludge treated with conventional mineral processing procedure has advantages of simple process, low operation cost, easy-implementation,while zinc concentration efficiency is low and it is difficult to get eligible products. Pyrometallurgical processing procedure have advantages of low cost, short circulation, high recovery,whereas, energy consumption is high and has serious environment problem. Hydrometallnrgical procedure usually could get high zinc leaching rate, but the working conditions is scurvy, equipment corrosion is severe, it is easy to cause secondary pollution. Combined treatment procedure could realize comprehensive reclamation of the resources, products produced has higher quality, while the process is long and com- plex. Microwave is a clean and high-efficient technology, only applied in laboratory scale, large-scale industry application has not yet realized. Pointed out that blast furnace sludge properties and process adaptability research should be intensified in the future, develop new, cheap and green process, at the same time,extent the coordination among various process, strengthen further research and application of microwave treatment process treating zinc-bearing blast furnace sludge.