论我国刑事诉讼中的亲属证人人权保障——以《刑事诉讼法》第188条第1款为研究视角

The Theory of Human Rights Protection of Relative Witnesses in Our “Criminal Procedure Law”——From the Angle of Paragraph (1) of Article 188 of Criminal Procedure Law

亲属证人从狭义上理解为与被追诉人有法定亲属关系的证人,属于特殊证人,他们应当成为刑事诉讼中人权保障的对象。我国现行刑事诉讼法第188条第1款规定了被告人相关亲属的免于强制出庭作证权,但是不完善的制度设计在实践中容易导致亲属证人的人权得不到应有的保障。域外亲属证人的特免权和我国古代的"亲亲相隐"制度规定较为完善,对我国现有亲属证人的权利完善有着极大的借鉴意义。我国应当树立证人人权保障的观念,准确把握"以审判为中心"的刑事诉讼制度改革,构建亲属证人的拒证特权。

Relative witnesses are the witnesses who have legal relationship with the accused in the narrow sense. They belong to the special witnesses, who should become the object of protection of human rights in criminal proceedings. The first paragraph of the 188th previsions in our criminal procedural law stipulates that the defendant relatives have the immunity of testifying, but the system design is not perfect. In practice, the rights of relative witnesses cannot be protected. Privilege of refusal in extraterritorial countries and ＂Concealment＂ system in ancient China of Relatives witness are regulated comparatively perfectly, which have a great significance to improve the existing rights regulations of relative witnesses in China. We should establish the concept of protection of human rights for witnesses, accurately grasp the ＂trial centered＂ criminal lawsuit system reform, and structure the privilege of relative witnesses.