自由主义视域下协商合作理论探索——以罗尔斯的思想为分析对象

The Research to the Theory of Deliberation and Cooperation from the Liberalism Perspective——Taking the Thought of Rawls as the Analysis Object

作为人类一种重要的民主政治运作形式,协商合作在自由主义民主理论中具有深厚的思想资源。以罗尔斯为代表的自由主义民主理论家,形成了较为完整的自由主义协商合作理论。其中,当代社会理性多元的现实,是协商合作产生的社会基础;原初状态和无知之幕,是协商合作展开条件的理想假设;自由平等和冷淡而理性,是协商合作的主体预设;正义原则和公共理性,是协商合作的指导原则;公共证明、重叠共识和理性回避等,是协商合作的基本方法。自由主义民主理论,通过协商合作的政治实践,力图促进社会的多元合作和政治稳定。它以独特的视角,加深了人们对协商合作理论和实践的认知。

Being an important democracy form, deliberation and cooperation has deep thought resources in liberal democracy theory. Liberal democracy theorists, in which John Rawls is a symbol, have developed relatively complete liberal theory of deliberation and cooperation. Multivariate rationality in contemporary society is the social base of deliberation and cooperation. Original position and the veil of ignorance are the idealized background assumption of deliberation and cooperation. Liberty, equality, mutually disinterested and the reasonable are the assumption to the subjects of deliberation and cooperation. The principle of justice and public reason, are the guide principles to deliberation and cooperation. Public proof, overlapping consensus and method of avoidance are the basic methods of deliberation and cooperation. Through the political practice of deliberation and cooperation, liberal democracy theory is trying to promote multi-cooperation and political stabilization. It deepens people cognitive to the theory and practice of deliberation and cooperation from an unique perspective.