重返亚里士多德的论证优度理论

Return to Aristotelian Theory of Argumentation Goodness

论证是人类理性交流的基本手段,而论证优度是评价论证好坏与衡量交往理性的根本标尺。亚里士多德提出了三重标准,即分析、论辩和修辞标准,这表明亚氏论证优度理论有着很强的作为交往理性工具的社会实践功能。但在亚氏之后,由于三重标准逐渐分野成为三条相对独立的逻辑、论辩与修辞标准,故论证优度理论也逐渐丧失了其社会实践功能。值得庆幸的是,自20世纪中叶以来,非形式逻辑、非单调逻辑、论证理论等相继兴起,使得论证理论家开始重新关注亚氏三重标准。故此,我们将基于逻辑、论辩与修辞标准重构一个新三重论证优度评价标准体系,我们称之为"逻论修标准"。

Argument(ation) is the basic means of communicative rationality while its goodness is the basic criterion to evaluate whether argument(ation) is good or to access communicative rationality. Aristotle presented a triple criterion-analytical, dialectical, and rhetorical-for evaluating the goodness of argumentation. It shows that Aristotle's theory of argumentation goodness has the strong function of social practice as instrumentality of communicative rationality. However, after Aristotle the triple had gradually separated into three relatively independently criteria, i.e., logical, dialectical, and rhetorical, accordingly,the theory of argumentation goodness step by step lost its function of social practice. Fortunately, after the middle of 20th century, the successive rise of informal logic, non-monotonic logic, and argumentation theory makes argumentation theorists to refocus on Aristotelian triple. For this reason, in this paper we will reconstruct a new triple, called the LDR criteria, for evaluating goodness of argumentation in light of both logical, dialectical and rhetorical criterion.