儒家思想中的内与外

The Concept of Inner and Outer in Confucianism

内外是儒家思想中标志事实与价值判断的一对重要概念,内外概念的划分起源于上古三代宗法制度,在儒学的后来发展中逐渐扩展其意义,从伦理政治秩序到心性修养,从现实存在到超越本体,都可以用内外概念加以统摄。儒家思想中的内与外在伦理政治秩序上以"异内外"为基础追求太平理想,在心性论上则以"修身为本"谋求内在精神生命与外在伦理政治秩序的契合,在体用论上则从有机整体宇宙论的视阈贯通形而上、形而下,以"无内外"的体用不二彰显其内在超越的终极皈依。

Inner and Outer is an important concept which means fact judgment and value judgment inConfucianism. The concept of Inner and Outer, originating from the system of the three-generation familyin ancient times, extended its implications covering numerous aspects from the order of ethical politics tothe theory of heart cultivation and from the actual being to the transcendence ontology. In the ethicalpolitics, it pursues peace and tranquility through distinguishing the inner and outer; In the theory oftemperament, it seeks for the coincidence of internal mental and external ethical politics with theprinciple of self-accomplishment; in the theory of body and function, it links up the metaphysical aspectand the physical aspect within the field of vision of organic integrity cosmology. This concept will achievethe ultimate purpose through the internal transcending without distinguishing Inner and Outer.