“唯科学主义”的滥觞与实践唯物主义的当代价值

The Source of “Scientism” and the Practical Value of Practical Materialism

对"自然科学思维方式"影响甚至决定社会存在发展趋势的观念进行批判是工具理性批判理论的理论基础。这里所谓的"自然科学思维方式"并非本真意义上的科学观念,认为它可以决定社会存在发展趋势的观念更是"唯科学主义",这是科学发展和工具化过程中对自我本质的遗忘。另外,工具理性批判者对工具理性展开批判所用的工具往往是意识、价值理性、辩证理性等精神因素而不是从实际出发,其本质是在观念领域进行的批判。要想对工具理性展开更全面深刻的批判,必须从社会现实出发,拒斥"唯科学主义",认识本真意义上的科技包含的社会进步因素,把科技的进步作用与历史主体的主观能动性结合,在对科技积极作用予以肯定的同时,对其发挥作用的范围进行界定。这是对工具理性进行更深刻批判的基础,也是彰显实践唯物主义当代价值的体现。

The theoretical basis of Instrumental Rationality Critical Theory is the criticism of the conceptthat 'natural science mode of thinking'(including but not limited to natural science methods, oftencombined with technology, hereinafter inclusive) affects or even determines the existence of socialexistence(human existence as its base) and its development trend. The so-called'natural science modeof thinking' is not science in real sense, but 'scientism', and is the forgotten of the nature in theprocess of scientific development and tooling. In addition, the tools used by the rational critics to criticizethe rationality of the instrument are often the spiritual factors of consciousness, value rationality,dialectical rationality and not from reality, and their essence is the criticism in the field of concept. Tomake a more comprehensive and profound criticism of the rationality of the instrument, we must proceedfrom the social reality, reject the'scientism', understand the social progress factors contained in the truesense of science and technology, the progress of science and technology and the combination of historicalsubjective initiative, at the same time confirm its positive role and define the scope of its role. This is the basis for more profound critique of instrumental rationality as well as the embodiment of thecontemporary value of practical materialism.