施钾和有机肥对甘蔗生长及土壤理化性状的影响

Effect of Potassium Fertilizers Incorporated with Orginic Manure on the Growth and Soil Properties of Sugarcane

以粤糖66号为供试作物,通过设置氮磷肥(NP)(CK)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、钾减量配施有机肥(NP80%K+OM)、氮磷钾配施有机肥(NPK+OM)4个处理的田间试验,研究了施钾和有机肥对甘蔗生长及蔗区砖红壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,与NP(CK)相比,施用钾肥和有机肥能增加甘蔗分蘖率、株高、茎径和有效茎数,显著提高甘蔗产量和品质。各施肥处理中以NPK+OM蔗茎产量、糖分和糖产量最高,分别为120.0 t/hm2、13.92%和16.3 t/hm2,比NPK处理分别增产11.1%、11.5%和22.6%;配施有机肥能改善土壤理化性状,甘蔗收获后,NP80%K+OM和NPK+OM处理耕层土壤pH、有机质含量和速效氮、磷、钾含量均显著高于NPK处理。NP80%K+OM处理农艺性状、产量和品质均与NPK+OM处理无显著差异。综上所述,在氮、磷养分等量投入条件下,配施钾肥、有机肥能促进甘蔗生长,提高产糖量,改善土壤理化性质;适当钾减量(80%常规钾肥推荐量)配施有机肥并未显著降低甘蔗产量和品质,可在当地甘蔗生产中推广应用。

The effects of potassium fertilizers incorporated with organic manure on the growth of sugarcane and the properties of red soil were studied, Yuetang 66 as the test material. The four treatments of NP （CK）, NPK, NP80%K＋OM, NPK＋OM were set up by field experiment. The results showed that the application of potassium fertilizers increased the tiUering rate, plant height, stem diameter and number of millable stalk of sugarcane, which significantly improved the yield and quality of sugarcane compared with NP （CK）. The yield, sugar content and sugar yield of NPK＋OM were the highest at 120 t/hm2, 13.92% and 16.3 t/hm2, which were higher than those of NPK, increased by 11.1%, 11.5% and 22.6%, respectively. The contents of soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in NP80%K＋OM and NPK＋OM treatments were significantly higher than those in NPK treatments. NP80%K＋OM treatment had no significant difference in agronomic traits, yield, sugar content and sugar yield with NPK＋OM treatment. In addition, the application of potassium fertilizers and organic manure could promote the growth of sugarcane, increase the sugar content and improve the soil physical and chemical properties under the same amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Appropriate reduction of potassium did not significantly reduce yield and quality of sugarcane, which should be extended in the tested sugarcane production area.