构建组织工程软骨支架材料:现状及未来

Tissue-engineered cartilage scaffold materials:present and future

背景:众所周知,组织工程修复软骨损伤有种子细胞、支架材料、细胞因子3个要素,支架材料在软骨组织工程制备中发挥着重要作用。目的:检索近十年来国内外关于软骨组织工程支架材料的相关文献,并对其进行归纳总结,讨论支架材料发展遇到的问题及发展方向。方法:由第一作者检索2006至2016年Pub Med数据库及CNKI数据库文献,英文检索词为"cartilage tissue engineering,natural scaffold materials,synthetic scaffold materials,composite scaffolds,nanometer materials",中文检索词为"软骨组织工程,天然支架材料,人工合成支架材料,复合支架材料,纳米支架"。结果与结论:软骨组织工程支架材料来源与种类不一,天然材料、人工材料及纳米材料有各自的优点及缺点,任何单一的材料难以满足临床上对软骨的要求,将不同来源的材料按照不同比例进行复合,扬长避短,能构成力学性能良好、高孔隙率、相容性好、降解性能佳的支架材料。但目前仍存在支架材料降解过快、细胞过度生长等问题,目前相关研究大都样本量较小,缺乏长期跟踪随访,并且人体试验相对较少。

BACKGROUND： As is known to all, cartilage tissue engineering has three elements, seed cells,scaffold materials, and cytokines. Scaffold materials play an important role in cartilage tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE： To search and review the literatures about tissue-engineered cartilage scaffold materials in the last decade,and to discuss problems and the development direction of the scaffolds.METHODS： A computer-based search of relevant articles published from 2006 to 2016 was conducted in PubMed and CNKI using the key words of ＂cartilage tissue engineering, natural scaffold materials, synthetic scaffold materials,composite scaffolds,nanometer materials＂ in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Scaffold materials in cartilage tissue engineering have different sources and kinds.Natural materials, synthetic materials and nanometer materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Any single material is difficult to meet the clinical requirements of the cartilage. Material compounds with different proportions can be used to prepare scaffolds with good mechanical properties, high porosity, good compatibility and degradation. But there are still some problems, such as excessive speed of scaffold degradation and excessive cell growth. The current research is in in vitro experimental stage mostly, and the application in clinic has not been enforced yet due to small size and lack of a long-term follow up.