基于纳米技术表面改性气道自扩张金属支架治疗气道狭窄临床研究

Clinical study on the treatment of tracheal stenosis with airway self-expanding metal stent based on nano-technology surface modification

目的探讨基于纳米技术表面改性气道自扩张金属支架治疗气道狭窄临床疗效。方法收集我院呼吸内科或其他科室收治的气道狭窄患者42例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各21例。两组患者均予以金属支架置入术,对照组予以镍钛记忆合金支架治疗;试验组予以基于纳米技术表面改性气道自扩张金属支架治疗。治疗结束后,比较两组患者临床疗效、气道狭窄段腔径、气促指数、肺功能检测、再狭窄发生率、呼吸困难指数分级以及并发症发生情况。结果治疗后两组患者气道狭窄段腔径、FVC以及FEV1水平升高,气促指数降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组临床总有效率较高,试验组气道狭窄段腔径、FVC以及FEV1水平较高,气促指数较低,试验组0~Ⅰ级呼吸困难例数较多,Ⅱ~Ⅴ级呼吸困难例数较少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组患者的并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于纳米技术表面改性气道自扩张金属支架治疗气道狭窄临床疗效显著,可解除气道狭窄,改善呼吸困难。

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of airway self-expanding metal stent in the treatment of tracheal stenosis based on nano-technology surface modification. Methods A total of 42 patients with airway stenosis who were admitted to the department of respiratory medicine or other departments were collected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 21 patients in each group. Both groups were given ＂metal stent implanta- tion. The control group was given Ni-Ti memory alloy stent, and the experimental group was given airway self-expand- ing metal stent based on nano-technology surface modification. After the treatment, the clinical efficacy, the lumen di- ameter of the airway stenosis, the shortness of breath index, the test of lung function, the incidence of re-stenosis, the classification of dyspnea index and the occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results Af- ter the treatment, the lumen diameter of the airway stenosis, the levels of FVC and FEVI were increased and the short- ness of breath index was decreased in both groups （P〈0.05）; compared with the control group, the total effective rate in the experimental group was higher. The lumen diameter of the airway stenosis, FVC and FEV1 levels were higher in the experimental group, and the shortness of breath index was lower. There were more cases of dyspnea in level 0 to I in the experimental group, and the number of cases of dyspnea with grade 11 to V was fewer. The differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The incidence rate of complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of airway self- expanding metal stent in the treatment of tracheal stenosis based on nano-technology surface modification is significant.The airway stenosis is relieved and the dyspnea is improved.