破骨细胞生物学特征的研究与进展

Research advance in the biological characteristics of osteoclasts

背景:骨组织处于不断塑建与重建的动态过程。成骨细胞生成骨质与破骨细胞吸收骨质的过程相互影响,共同维持着骨组织的动态平衡。破骨细胞作为骨组织中具有骨质吸收功能的细胞,其独特的功能吸引了众多学者对其进行研究。近几年,随着基因敲除技术、生物分子技术等技术的飞速发展,对破骨细胞的研究逐渐深入。目的:对最近破骨细胞形成、分化、功能不同分子机制及其调控因子的相关研究进行综述。方法:由第一作者检索1980至2015年Pub Med数据库中与破骨细胞形成、分化、功能的不同分子机制及调控因子研究相关的文献,以"osteoclast,molecular regulation,bone resorption,regulation mechanisms"为检索词,并进行系统整理、总结和分析。结果与结论:(1)共检索到文献151篇,按照纳入和排除标准进行筛选,最终共纳入英文文献29篇;(2)通过对文献认真阅读及分析,结果表明,RANK/RANKL/OPG轴对于骨质的形成和吸收过程具有关键的调节意义,研究破骨细胞信号通路及相关分子机制对骨关节疾病、成骨过程、骨免疫学、生物材料等方面的探索均有十分重要的影响。

BACKGROUND： Bone is a connective tissue that continuously modeling and remodeling. The dynamic homeostasis of bone is regulated by the process of osteoblasts synthesizing bone matrix and osteoclasts absorbing bone matrix. Osteoclasts have always been attracting numerous researches for its bone absorption. Along with the rapid development of gene knockout, biomolecular and other technologies, we have gone deeper and further lifting the veil of osteoclasts.OBJECTIVE： To overview the research regarding the molecular mechanisms and regulating factors of osteoclast formation, differentiation and function.METHODS： The first author retrieved PubMed database for the articles concerning molecular mechanisms and regulating factors of osteoclast formation, differentiation and function published from 1980 to 2015 using the keywords of ＂osteoclast, molecular regulation, bone resorption, regulation mechanisms＂. Subsequently, a systamatice management,summary and analysis was performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： A total of 151 literatures were searched, and 29 eligible articles were ultimately enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RANK/RANKL/OPG axis plays a significant role in modulating bone formation and resorption. Understanding the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of osteoclasts is of great significance for exploring osteoarticular diseases, osteogenesis, osteoimmunology, biomaterials and other aspects.