环境规制工具影响污染产业投资区位的比较研究——基于空间视角的分析

Comparison of the Effects of Environmental Regulation Tools on the Location of Polluting Industries Investment Based on the Spatial Analysis

污染产业的有序转移关系到落后产能的淘汰和环保技术的创新。将环境规制工具分为费用型、投资型和公众参与型三类,从理论层面深入剖析不同环境规制工具影响污染产业投资区位的作用机理,在实证层面上运用SAC模型从空间视角对2004—2014年不同环境规制工具的成本效应、创新效应和集聚效应进行对比分析。结果显示:不同类型的环境规制工具对污染产业投资区位的影响差异显著,就影响方向来看,治污投资总体、城镇环境基础建设和公众参与型规制的提高能够吸引更多污染产业投资;就影响机制来看,费用型规制、治污投资总体、工业污染源治理投资和建设项目"三同时"投资对技术创新有一定的激励作用,而费用型规制、治污投资总体和公众参与型规制则表现出显著的负集聚效应。因此,应根据东、中、西部地区的发展阶段特点,有针对性地选择适当的环境规制工具组合以实现经济与环境的双赢。

The orderly transfer of polluting industries is significant for the elimination of the backward production capacity and the innovation of the environmental protection technology. Environmentalregulation（ER） tools can be classified into expense ER,investment ER and public participation ER.Firstly,the effect of the mechanism of different ER tools on the location of polluting industry investment is deeply explored from the theoretical perspective; then, comparative analysis is empirically carried out on the Cost Effect,Innovation Effect and Agglomeration Effect of ERs with the spatial model of SAC. And results show that： the influence of ER tools on the location of polluting industry investment shows significant difference. The increase of pollution treatment investment,urban environmental infrastructure construction and public participation ER can attract more polluting industries. Expense ER,pollution treatment investment,industrial pollution control investment and construction project ＂Three Simultaneous＂investment are incentive to the technological innovation;and expense ER, pollution treatment investment and public participation ER perform negative agglomeration effect significantly. Thus,it is proposed to select proper combination of ER tools according to the characteristics of the East,Middles and West Regions to achieve a win-win economic and environmental goal.